The body of evidence about nuts and health continues to grow. These local and international research papers, recently published, corroborate decades of research about the importance of a regular handful of nuts in a healthy diet.

Dietary predictors of premenstrual syndrome: Protective role of nuts, seeds, and legumes, and adverse role of sugar and sweets. (Granda et al, 2025).
This cross-sectional study, involving 606 Caucasian women aged 18-35 years, assessed severity of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms and dietary intake. It found a one-serving daily increment in nuts, seeds and legumes (which equated to around 30g) decreased the risk of both mild- and moderate/severe PMS by 41%. On the flip side, a one-serving increment in sugar and sweets increased the risk of moderate/severe PMS by 33%. Researchers pointed to the anti-inflammatory properties of nuts, seeds and legumes, as a primary reason for their ability to reduce PMS symptoms.

The impact of nut consumption on vascular endothelial function: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomised controlled trials. (Arabi et al, 2025).
This meta-analysis, of 19 articles, evaluated the effect of nut consumption on vascular endothelial function in adults (>18 years). According to the pooled estimations, eating nuts significantly improved flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.12%), and reactive hyperaemia index (WMD: −0.04). However, consuming nuts had no significant impact on pulse wave velocity, the index of augmentation, or heart rate. The authors concluded that endothelial function was considerably enhanced by nut consumption, through the improvement of FMD, while the certainty of such evidence was assessed as very low.

Diet and risk for incident diverticulitis in women: A prospective cohort study. (Barlowe et al, 2025).
This study involved 29,916 women, aged 35-74 years, and without diverticulitis, at baseline. It found a reduced risk for incident diverticulitis with better adherence to healthy dietary patterns (the DASH diet, the Healthy Eating Index, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index, and the Alternative Mediterranean diet). And intake of peanuts, nuts, and seeds, and fresh fruits with edible seeds, was not linked with incidence of diverticulitis. The study authors conclude that healthy diets were associated with a reduced risk for incident diverticulitis in women, and consumption of nuts and seeds was not associated with diverticulitis risk.

Effect of nut consumption on human gene expression: A systematic review of clinical trials. (Wendling et al, 2025).
This review, of 13 clinical trials, looked at the effect of nut consumption on human gene expression. Most studies evaluated the effects of Brazil nuts, followed by studies using combinations of two or more nuts. Among the findings, consumption of hazelnuts and Brazil nuts increased expression in antioxidant-related genes, and genes involved in vascular inflammation were downregulated after the consumption of mixed nuts. The authors conclude that nuts can modulate the gene expression involved in the progression of chronic diseases, with emphasis on the pathways of inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular health.

Effects of a shake with cashew and Brazil nuts on metabolic response and oxidative stress in individuals with overweight or obesity. (Costa et al, 2025).
This randomised, cross-over study evaluated the acute effect of a shake, containing a mixture of 30g cashew nuts and 15g Brazil nuts on glucose levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers in 15 people with overweight or obesity. It found mixed nuts decreased oxidative stress, without a concurrent increase in antioxidant status. Mixed nuts also reduced lipid peroxidation, highlighting the potential antioxidant properties of nuts. The study also revealed higher complement C3 (a protein of the immune system) and stearic acid concentrations after nut intake.

Maternal prenatal nut and seafood consumption and child neuropsychological function from 4 to 15 years of age: A population-based cohort study. (Pinar-Martí et al, 2025).
This Spanish birth cohort study followed 1,737 mother-child pairs from pregnancy to age 15 years. It assessed the link between maternal nuts, total seafood and large fatty fish consumption during pregnancy, and offspring neuropsychological function. It found higher nut or large fatty fish consumption during pregnancy led to better neuropsychological development up to age 15, compared to lower intake. Higher maternal nut consumption was significantly linked to improved attention and working memory, and greater consumption of large fatty fish was associated with better attention and fluid intelligence. Omega-3 fatty acids mediated 8-14% of these effects on attention.

Association of adherence to Mediterranean diet and changes over time with all-cause mortality in older adults: The Seniors-ENRICA Cohorts. (Duart Junior et al, 2025).
This study, using data from a total of 6,791 older adults, found that initial (or baseline) adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), in those aged 60-96 years, was linked with lower mortality. In addition, those who maintained or increased adherence to the MD over time, experienced lower all-cause mortality, compared to a consistently low adherence. Some foods were the main drivers behind this. Baseline and maintained adherence of fish/seafood (≥3 servings/week) and nuts (≥3 servings/week), and carbonated sweetened beverages (<1 serving/day) and commercial pastry (<2 servings/week) were associated with lower mortality.

Prevention of food allergy: Harmonizing perspectives from the east and west. (Leung et al, 2025).
This review provides an overview of global food allergy prevalence – highlighting regional differences in allergen exposure, dietary patterns, and recommendations for prevention. Current prevention strategies focus on the timing and route of allergen exposure, recommending early oral exposure to promote tolerance in high-prevalence regions and non-delayed introduction of allergenic solids in low-prevalence areas, while cautioning against early skin exposure and calling for more evidence on early, whole-body use of specialised emollients for the prevention of food allergies. It concludes that prevention strategies should be tailored to regional needs and updated regularly, as new research emerges.

Impact of diets on cognitive and clinical outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease: A scoping review. (Jacson et al, 2025).
This scoping review, which analysed 12 articles, considers how different diets influence the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Overall, the review identified the Mediterranean diet as the most effective in improving outcomes for people with AD. Although the DASH and MIND diets also showed potential benefits, the evidence supporting them was less conclusive. These findings can help health professionals design more comprehensive, holistic treatment strategies for people with AD, highlighting the value of dietary and lifestyle interventions as both cost-effective and beneficial for enhancing quality of life.